Research
Where physics holds between two reports, and where it does not.
Urania, Johann Theodor de Bry, 1601
Between two reports
- 22%
- more error from turn models than from the plain average of two reports, on turns of 45° or more.
- 0.45
- the Froude number up to which a hull’s resistance sets a speed it cannot pass.
- 47.7M
- AIS reports it was measured on, from four networks over eleven days.
The engine keeps the plain average, and its speed screen stops at 0.45.
Ship manoeuvring and resistance models under sparse AIS sampling: what can be predicted, identified and boundedVishmayraj Zala, Kathan Patel. Submitted to Ocean Engineering, 2026. Preprint, code and data on Zenodo.
Learned width
- 2.3×
- sooner: a slow drift found within 283 m, against 655 m with a fixed tolerance.
- ⅓
- as many attacks get through when the attacker knows the check: 11%, against 35%.
Next in the engine.
Beyond the centre: learned uncertainty in AIS position-consistency checks, its detection gains and its attack surfaceKathan Patel, Vishmayraj Zala. Submitted to Ocean Engineering, 2026. Preprint, code and data on Zenodo.